Scoliosis and spinal deformity

What it is

Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine with a twist. Kyphosis is an excessive forward bend. The most common type appears in otherwise healthy teenagers and has no known cause (adolescent idiopathic scoliosis).

Other types are present from birth, linked to nerve or muscle conditions, or develop in adults as the discs and joints wear.

How we diagnose it

• Examination of posture, balance and the nerves
• Standing X-rays of the whole spine, used to measure the curve in degrees (the Cobb angle)
• An MRI scan in selected patients
• Repeat X-rays during growth to see whether the curve is progressing

When surgery is needed

Surgery is generally considered for large curves, usually beyond about 45 to 50 degrees in teenagers, for curves that keep progressing, and for adults with disabling pain or imbalance.

The operation straightens the spine with screws and rods and fuses the corrected section so that it stays in position. These are major operations, planned carefully for each patient.

Recovery

The hospital stay is usually about a week. Most teenagers return to school within four to six weeks, and to sport later, as advised.

All surgery carries risks, including infection, bleeding and nerve injury. Dr Mba will explain the risks and benefits that apply to you before any decision is made.