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Hydrocephalus is a build-up of fluid inside the brain. It affects babies, children and adults, and it can be treated.
The brain makes a clear fluid that flows through its inner spaces (the ventricles) and is then absorbed. If the flow is blocked or absorption fails, fluid builds up and raises the pressure on the brain.
It can be present at birth, follow an infection, bleeding or a tumour, or develop in older adults (normal pressure hydrocephalus).
A shunt is a thin tube placed under the skin that drains fluid from the brain to the abdomen, where it is absorbed.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) uses a small camera to make an opening inside the brain so the fluid can bypass a blockage. It suits selected patients and avoids a permanent tube.
The hospital stay is usually a few days. Children and adults with shunts need lifelong follow-up, because a shunt can block or become infected.
All surgery carries risks, including infection, bleeding and nerve injury. Dr Mba will explain the risks and benefits that apply to you before any decision is made.
Many children treated early develop well. The outlook depends on the cause and on prompt treatment.
A shunt can work for many years, but it may need revision if it blocks.
Headache, vomiting, drowsiness and irritability. Seek help at once.
This page gives general information and does not replace a consultation.
Reviewed by Dr Serge Eddy Mba, Spine Neurosurgeon
Specialist brain and spine surgery in Harare and Gweru.
Mon to Fri 07:00 to 18:00
Emergencies after hours and at weekends
Avondale: 8 Angus Close
Borrowdale: 4 Borrowdale Lane
Gweru: Midlands Private Hospital